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　　電(dian)(dian)(dian)網輸出的功(gong)(gong)率(lv)包(bao)括(kuo)兩部分：一是(shi)有功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)：直接消耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉變(bian)為(wei)機械能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、熱(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、化學(xue)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)或聲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，利用(yong)這些能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)作(zuo)功(gong)(gong)，這部分功(gong)(gong)率(lv)稱(cheng)為(wei)有功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv);二(er)是(shi)無功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)：不消耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，只是(shi)把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉換(huan)為(wei)另一種(zhong)形(xing)式的能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，這種(zhong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)作(zuo)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設備(bei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠作(zuo)功(gong)(gong)的必備(bei)條件(jian)，并(bing)且(qie)，這種(zhong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)網中與電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)進行周期性轉換(huan)，這部分功(gong)(gong)率(lv)稱(cheng)為(wei)無功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(如電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)元(yuan)件(jian)建立(li)磁(ci)場占(zhan)用(yong)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)建立(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場所占(zhan)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng))。

　　所以無功功率補償裝(zhuang)置在電(dian)(dian)力(li)供電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)處(chu)在一個不(bu)可缺少的非常重(zhong)要的位置，其在電(dian)(dian)力(li)供電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)起提高電(dian)(dian)網(wang)的功率因數的作用，降低供電(dian)(dian)變壓器(qi)及(ji)輸送線路的損耗，提高供電(dian)(dian)效率，改善(shan)供電(dian)(dian)環境。

　　無(wu)功(gong)補(bu)償(chang)的(de)(de)具體實現方式：把具有容性(xing)(xing)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)負(fu)荷的(de)(de)裝(zhuang)置與感性(xing)(xing)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)負(fu)荷并聯接在(zai)同一電路，能(neng)量在(zai)兩種負(fu)荷之間相互(hu)交(jiao)換。這(zhe)樣(yang)，感性(xing)(xing)負(fu)荷所需要的(de)(de)無(wu)功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)可由容性(xing)(xing)負(fu)荷輸出的(de)(de)無(wu)功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)補(bu)償(chang)。

　　無功補償的意義：

　　⑴ 補償無功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)，可以增加電網中有功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)的比(bi)例常數。

　　⑵ 減少(shao)(shao)發、供電設(she)備的設(she)計(ji)容(rong)量，減少(shao)(shao)投(tou)資(zi)，因此(ci)，對新建(jian)、改建(jian)工程，應充分考慮無功(gong)補償(chang)，便可以減少(shao)(shao)設(she)計(ji)容(rong)量，從而減少(shao)(shao)投(tou)資(zi)。

　　⑶ 降(jiang)低(di)線損，提高功(gong)率(lv)因數后，線損率(lv)也下降(jiang)了，減(jian)(jian)少設計容量、減(jian)(jian)少投資(zi)，增加電網中有功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)的輸送比(bi)例，以及降(jiang)低(di)線損都直(zhi)接(jie)決定和影響著供電企業(ye)的經濟效益(yi)。所(suo)以，功(gong)率(lv)因數是(shi)考核(he)經濟效益(yi)的重要指標(biao)，規劃(hua)、實施(shi)無功(gong)補償勢在必(bi)行。

　　電網中常用的無功補(bu)償方式包括：

　　① 集中補償：在高(gao)低壓配電線路中安裝并聯電容器組(zu);

　　② 分(fen)組(zu)補(bu)(bu)償：在配電(dian)變壓器低壓側和用戶車間(jian)配電(dian)屏安裝(zhuang)并聯補(bu)(bu)償電(dian)容器;

　　③ 單臺電(dian)動機就(jiu)地補償：在(zai)單臺電(dian)動機處安裝并聯電(dian)容器等。

　　加(jia)裝無(wu)功(gong)補償設(she)備，不(bu)僅可使(shi)功(gong)率(lv)消耗小，功(gong)率(lv)因數提高，還可以(yi)充分挖掘設(she)備輸送功(gong)率(lv)的潛力。