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　　電(dian)(dian)網輸出的(de)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)包括兩(liang)部(bu)分(fen)：一是有(you)功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)：直接消(xiao)耗電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，把電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)變為機械能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、熱能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、化學(xue)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)或(huo)聲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，利用(yong)這(zhe)些能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)作(zuo)功(gong)(gong)，這(zhe)部(bu)分(fen)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)稱為有(you)功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv);二是無功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)：不消(xiao)耗電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，只(zhi)是把電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)換為另一種形式(shi)的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，這(zhe)種能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)作(zuo)為電(dian)(dian)氣設(she)備能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠作(zuo)功(gong)(gong)的(de)必(bi)備條件(jian)，并且(qie)，這(zhe)種能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是在電(dian)(dian)網中(zhong)與電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)進行周期性轉(zhuan)換，這(zhe)部(bu)分(fen)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)稱為無功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(如電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)元件(jian)建(jian)立磁(ci)場占(zhan)用(yong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，電(dian)(dian)容器建(jian)立電(dian)(dian)場所占(zhan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng))。

　　所以無(wu)功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)補償(chang)裝置(zhi)(zhi)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)中處在一個不(bu)可缺少的(de)非(fei)常重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)位置(zhi)(zhi)，其(qi)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)中起提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)功(gong)率(lv)因數的(de)作用(yong)，降低供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變壓器及(ji)輸(shu)送線路(lu)的(de)損耗，提高供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率(lv)，改(gai)善供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)環境。

　　無功(gong)補(bu)償(chang)(chang)的(de)具體實現方式：把(ba)具有容性(xing)功(gong)率(lv)負荷(he)的(de)裝置與感性(xing)功(gong)率(lv)負荷(he)并聯接在同一(yi)電路(lu)，能(neng)量在兩種(zhong)負荷(he)之間相互交(jiao)換(huan)。這樣，感性(xing)負荷(he)所需要的(de)無功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)可由容性(xing)負荷(he)輸出的(de)無功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)補(bu)償(chang)(chang)。

　　無(wu)功補(bu)償(chang)的意義：

　　⑴ 補償(chang)無(wu)功(gong)功(gong)率，可(ke)以增加(jia)電網中有功(gong)功(gong)率的比例(li)常數。

　　⑵ 減(jian)(jian)少發、供(gong)電設(she)備的(de)設(she)計容(rong)量，減(jian)(jian)少投資(zi)，因此，對新建、改建工(gong)程，應充分考慮無(wu)功補償(chang)，便可以(yi)減(jian)(jian)少設(she)計容(rong)量，從而減(jian)(jian)少投資(zi)。

　　⑶ 降(jiang)(jiang)低線(xian)(xian)損，提高功(gong)(gong)(gong)率因數(shu)后，線(xian)(xian)損率也下降(jiang)(jiang)了，減少設計容量、減少投資，增加電(dian)網中有功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率的(de)輸送比例，以(yi)及降(jiang)(jiang)低線(xian)(xian)損都直接決(jue)定(ding)和影響著供電(dian)企業的(de)經(jing)濟效益。所以(yi)，功(gong)(gong)(gong)率因數(shu)是考(kao)核經(jing)濟效益的(de)重要指標(biao)，規劃、實施(shi)無功(gong)(gong)(gong)補償勢(shi)在(zai)必行。

　　電(dian)網中(zhong)常用的無功補償方式包括(kuo)：

　　① 集中補償：在(zai)高(gao)低壓配電線路中安裝并聯電容器組(zu);

　　② 分(fen)組補償：在配(pei)電(dian)變壓器(qi)低壓側和用戶車間配(pei)電(dian)屏安裝并聯補償電(dian)容器(qi);

　　③ 單臺(tai)電(dian)動機(ji)就(jiu)地補償：在單臺(tai)電(dian)動機(ji)處(chu)安(an)裝并聯電(dian)容(rong)器等(deng)。

　　加裝無功(gong)(gong)補償設(she)備，不僅(jin)可(ke)使(shi)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)消耗小，功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)因數提高，還可(ke)以充分挖掘設(she)備輸送功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)的潛力。